Evaluación técnica de un aspersor de impacto
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente estudio evaluó el desempeño hidráulico del aspersor de impacto SIME Duplex 2’’ mediante ensayos experimentales y simulaciones orientadas a caracterizar la distribución radial de la lámina aplicada, la uniformidad de riego y la relación caudal–presión en tres boquillas (14, 16 y 18 mm) bajo distintas presiones de operación (2, 3 y 4 bar). Las curvas de tasa de aplicación permitieron identificar patrones de distribución mayoritariamente bimodales, siendo la presión de 3 bar la que generó los perfiles más estables y con mejores condiciones para la superposición de láminas. La evaluación de la uniformidad en los marcos de aspersión simulados evidenció que la boquilla de 18 mm operando a 3 bar en un espaciamiento de 30 x 30 m presentó el mejor desempeño. En general, los marcos más compactos (30 x 30 m y 30 x 36 m) fueron los que sistemáticamente alcanzaron las uniformidades más altas, a diferencia de las recomendaciones teóricas basadas en el radio de alcance y el diámetro efectivo. Por otra parte, los caudales experimentales se ajustaron adecuadamente a modelos potenciales (R² > 0,94) y fueron consistentemente superiores a los valores de catálogo, especialmente a bajas presiones, lo que refuerza la necesidad de evaluaciones específicas en campo. En conjunto, los resultados permiten sugerir criterios operativos para la selección de boquillas, presiones y espaciamientos adecuados para este tipo de aspersor en sistemas de riego por aspersión de conjunto sólido.
This study evaluated the hydraulic performance of the SIME Duplex 2’’ impact sprinkler through experimental tests and simulations aimed at characterizing the radial distribution of applied water, irrigation uniformity, and the flow–pressure relationship for three nozzle sizes (14, 16, and 18 mm) under operating pressures of 2, 3, and 4 bar. The application rate curves revealed predominantly bimodal distribution patterns, with 3 bar producing the most stable profiles and providing the best conditions for water-depth overlap. The irrigation uniformity assessment in the simulated sprinkler spacings showed that the 18 mm nozzle operating at 3 bar in a 30 x 30 m layout delivered the best performance. Overall, the most compact spacings (30 x 30 m and 30 x 36 m) consistently achieved the highest uniformity values, contrasting with theoretical recommendations based on wetted radius and effective diameter. Additionally, the experimental flow rates fitted well to potential models (R² > 0,94) and were consistently higher than catalog values, particularly at lower pressures, reinforcing the need for field-specific hydraulic evaluations. Overall, the results provide operational guidelines for selecting suitable nozzles, pressures, and spacings for this type of sprinkler in solid-set irrigation systems.
This study evaluated the hydraulic performance of the SIME Duplex 2’’ impact sprinkler through experimental tests and simulations aimed at characterizing the radial distribution of applied water, irrigation uniformity, and the flow–pressure relationship for three nozzle sizes (14, 16, and 18 mm) under operating pressures of 2, 3, and 4 bar. The application rate curves revealed predominantly bimodal distribution patterns, with 3 bar producing the most stable profiles and providing the best conditions for water-depth overlap. The irrigation uniformity assessment in the simulated sprinkler spacings showed that the 18 mm nozzle operating at 3 bar in a 30 x 30 m layout delivered the best performance. Overall, the most compact spacings (30 x 30 m and 30 x 36 m) consistently achieved the highest uniformity values, contrasting with theoretical recommendations based on wetted radius and effective diameter. Additionally, the experimental flow rates fitted well to potential models (R² > 0,94) and were consistently higher than catalog values, particularly at lower pressures, reinforcing the need for field-specific hydraulic evaluations. Overall, the results provide operational guidelines for selecting suitable nozzles, pressures, and spacings for this type of sprinkler in solid-set irrigation systems.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego -- Chile, Riego por aspersión, Agricultura de precisión -- Chile