Caracterización del uso de agua y suelo, en el sector Peumo-Las Cabras, Sexta Región, usando un sistema de información geográfica
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Date
2004
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio que se presenta a continuación forma parte del proyecto FONDEF “Tecnologías de Manejo de Agua para una Agricultura Intensiva Sustentable” y consistió en caracterizar el uso de agua y suelo, en el sector Peumo-Las Cabras, Provincia de Cachapoal, Sexta Región, con el apoyo de un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG).
Se confeccionó y aplicó un formulario de encuesta a 37 productores del valle, para caracterizar, clarificar y complementar la información existente de la situación actual del área de estudio. De la información proporcionada en la encuesta, se obtuvo que el 97,5% de la superficie encuestada está destinada a frutales, 2,4% a cultivos anuales y el resto a praderas. Por otro lado, la superficie bajo riego se divide en un 43,6% con riego por goteo, un 43,3% con surco, un 12,4% con micro aspersión y un 0,7% sin información.
Se identificaron las organizaciones de usuarios y los derechos de aguas actuales, con información proporcionada en el Departamento de Administración de Recursos Hídricos de la Dirección General de Aguas VI Región, encontrándose que existen 10 canales en el área de estudio, de los cuales 7 presentan Asociación de Canalistas y 3 son Comunidades de Agua.
En cuanto a los derechos de agua subterránea, en las comunas donde se encuentra el área de estudio existen 1.586 L/s de derechos constituidos, los que se distribuyen en 39 pozos, según el caudal solicitado por los peticionarios.
The study presented here, is a component of the project FONDEF DO2I-1146 and consisted on the characterization of water and soil use, in the lower Cachapoal Valley, between the towns of Peumo and Las Cabras, Sixth Region. A survey was done to 37 producers of the Valley with the porpoise of characterize, clarify and complement the existing information about the current situation of the study area. From the information provided by the survey it was found that 97,5% of the soil, in the studied area, is destined to orchards, 2,4% to annual crops and the remainder to prairies and other uses. The irrigation level is good, a 43,6% of the irrigated area has drip irrigation, 43,3% furrow and 13.1% has sprinkler systems. The legal situation of the water rights in the area is very well defined. There are 10 irrigation channels. Seven of those channels are organized in channel association and 3 in water Community, which is a lower level of organization. Using digital cartography obtained from the Natural Resources Information Center (Ciren) and in the National Corporation of the Environment, several thematic charts were prepared utilizing the software ArcView 3.2. The most important thematic charts are irrigation channels, information of soil series, capacity of use, current use of soil, slope, depth and erosion. In the studied area there are 22 series of soil. From a total surface of 28.600 há, 14.294 há are classified with a capacity of use between I and III, 16.395 há have an agricultural use and present a smooth slope (0 – 1%) and deep soil (bigger to 100 cm). Finally, 77 % of the total surface does not present problems of erosion.
The study presented here, is a component of the project FONDEF DO2I-1146 and consisted on the characterization of water and soil use, in the lower Cachapoal Valley, between the towns of Peumo and Las Cabras, Sixth Region. A survey was done to 37 producers of the Valley with the porpoise of characterize, clarify and complement the existing information about the current situation of the study area. From the information provided by the survey it was found that 97,5% of the soil, in the studied area, is destined to orchards, 2,4% to annual crops and the remainder to prairies and other uses. The irrigation level is good, a 43,6% of the irrigated area has drip irrigation, 43,3% furrow and 13.1% has sprinkler systems. The legal situation of the water rights in the area is very well defined. There are 10 irrigation channels. Seven of those channels are organized in channel association and 3 in water Community, which is a lower level of organization. Using digital cartography obtained from the Natural Resources Information Center (Ciren) and in the National Corporation of the Environment, several thematic charts were prepared utilizing the software ArcView 3.2. The most important thematic charts are irrigation channels, information of soil series, capacity of use, current use of soil, slope, depth and erosion. In the studied area there are 22 series of soil. From a total surface of 28.600 há, 14.294 há are classified with a capacity of use between I and III, 16.395 há have an agricultural use and present a smooth slope (0 – 1%) and deep soil (bigger to 100 cm). Finally, 77 % of the total surface does not present problems of erosion.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Sistemas de información geográfica- Chile, Uso del agua, Agua de riego - Chile