Evaluación de sistemas de microriego para el predio Santa Magdalena, sector Los Niches, Curicó, región del Maule
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se evaluaron 2 sistemas de microriego pertenecientes al predio Santa Magdalena, de la Empresa SOLFRUT, ubicado a 12 km al este de la ciudad de Curicó, región del Maule, en donde se determinaron parámetros de uniformidad y eficiencia de aplicación asociado al manejo y funcionamiento actual del riego.
En cada equipo se evaluaron 3 sectores siguiendo las pautas de medición establecidas en investigaciones previas. Los parámetros medidos fueron, caudal de los emisores y tiempos de riego permitiendo determinar el volumen de agua aplicado para compararlo con el volumen requerido por la planta. También, se determinaron las características físicas del suelo para conocer la capacidad de retención de agua utilizando este valor como condición de borde para desarrollar el balance de masa. Además, se determinó la evapotranspiración real del cultivo utilizando imágenes satelitales. Lo valores de coeficiente de uniformidad estuvieron en un rango superior a 80% para todos los sectores evaluados, sin embargo, la eficiencia de aplicación muestra una gran variabilidad con valores, desde 60 a 100%. Es importante mencionar que la eficiencia de aplicación disminuyo de forma importante para el periodo de máxima demanda debido fundamentalmente al inadecuado manejo de riego asociado a tiempo y frecuencia.
En general los problemas de manejo de riego que provocaron niveles de aplicación de agua incorrectas se deben fundamentalmente a que no se consideró en forma sistemática la capacidad de retención del suelo en la zona radicular de extracción. Esto se refleja en las mediciones de evapotranspiración desde imágenes satelitales.
Two irrigation systems at the Santa Magdalena farm, of SOLFRUT Company, located 12 km east of the Curicó city, Maule region, were evaluated, considering uniformity and application efficiency parameters associated with the irrigation management and its current operation. In each system, 3 sectors were evaluated following the measurement procedure established in previous research. The parameters measured were the flow of emitters and irrigation times, allowing us to determine the volume of water applied to compare it with the volume required by the plant. Also, the physical characteristics of the soil were determined to know the water retention capacity, using this value as a boundary condition to determine the mass balance. In addition, the actual evapotranspiration of the orchards was determined using satellite images. The uniformity coefficient values ranging above 80% were obtained for all the sectors evaluated; however, the application efficiency shows great variability in its values, from 60 to 100%. It is also important to mention that the application efficiency decreased significantly for the period of maximum demand, mainly due to inadequate irrigation management associated with time and frequency. In general, irrigation management problems that generated improper water applications are mainly related to the fact that the soil water retention capacity in the extraction root zone was not systematically considered. This was concluded as compared with the actual evapotranspiration measurements from satellite image.
Two irrigation systems at the Santa Magdalena farm, of SOLFRUT Company, located 12 km east of the Curicó city, Maule region, were evaluated, considering uniformity and application efficiency parameters associated with the irrigation management and its current operation. In each system, 3 sectors were evaluated following the measurement procedure established in previous research. The parameters measured were the flow of emitters and irrigation times, allowing us to determine the volume of water applied to compare it with the volume required by the plant. Also, the physical characteristics of the soil were determined to know the water retention capacity, using this value as a boundary condition to determine the mass balance. In addition, the actual evapotranspiration of the orchards was determined using satellite images. The uniformity coefficient values ranging above 80% were obtained for all the sectors evaluated; however, the application efficiency shows great variability in its values, from 60 to 100%. It is also important to mention that the application efficiency decreased significantly for the period of maximum demand, mainly due to inadequate irrigation management associated with time and frequency. In general, irrigation management problems that generated improper water applications are mainly related to the fact that the soil water retention capacity in the extraction root zone was not systematically considered. This was concluded as compared with the actual evapotranspiration measurements from satellite image.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego, Riego Administración