Análisis de la calidad microbiológica del agua y el suelo del tranque situado en el Campus Chillán de la Universidad de Concepción, región de Ñuble, Chile
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente tesis analizó la calidad microbiológica del agua y suelo del tranque “Embalse 3”, enfocándose en la presencia de microorganismos contaminantes y el comportamiento de hongos en ambos medios. Para evaluar la calidad del agua, se complementaron parámetros microbiológicos con parámetros fisicoquímicos como el pH, la temperatura, conductividad eléctrica, solidos totales disuelos (TDS) y turbidez. Se analizaron muestras de agua y suelo. Mediante la técnica del Número Más Probable (NMP), se detectaron Coliformes Totales, Coliformes Fecales, Escherichia coli y Salmonella en agua. En suelo, con la técnica de Recuento en Placa, se analizaron Coliformes Totales, Coliformes Fecales, Escherichia coli, Salmonella y Enterobacterias. El análisis microbiológico confirmó la presencia de Coliformes Totales, Coliformes Fecales y E. coli en agua, y Coliformes Totales en suelo. Se registraron hongos en agua mediante la técnica de Iqbal y Webster (1973) y en suelo por diluciones seriadas. Se observó persistencia de Penicillium y Trichoderma en suelo, y presencia de Cladosporium en ambos medios. El muestreo se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2024. Los resultados indicaron que el tranque cumple con la normativa ambiental chilena, aunque la presencia de Coliformes Fecales en agua sugiere la necesidad de un monitoreo continuo.
The present thesis analyzes the microbiological quality of water and soil in the “Embalse 3” reservoir, focusing on the presence of contaminant microorganisms and the behavior of fungi in both environments. To assess water quality, microbiological parameters were complemented with physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Water and soil samples were analyzed. Using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were detected in water. In soil, the Plate Count technique identified Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Enterobacteria. Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and E. coli in water, as well as Total Coliforms in soil. Fungi were recorded in water using the technique described by Iqbal and Webster (1973) and in soil through serial dilutions. Trichoderma and Penicillium showed temporal persistence, while Aspergillus were present in both environments. Sampling was conducted from August to December 2024. The results indicated that the reservoir complies with Chilean environmental regulations; however, the presence of Fecal Coliforms in water suggests the need for continuous monitoring.
The present thesis analyzes the microbiological quality of water and soil in the “Embalse 3” reservoir, focusing on the presence of contaminant microorganisms and the behavior of fungi in both environments. To assess water quality, microbiological parameters were complemented with physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Water and soil samples were analyzed. Using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were detected in water. In soil, the Plate Count technique identified Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Enterobacteria. Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and E. coli in water, as well as Total Coliforms in soil. Fungi were recorded in water using the technique described by Iqbal and Webster (1973) and in soil through serial dilutions. Trichoderma and Penicillium showed temporal persistence, while Aspergillus were present in both environments. Sampling was conducted from August to December 2024. The results indicated that the reservoir complies with Chilean environmental regulations; however, the presence of Fecal Coliforms in water suggests the need for continuous monitoring.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Agua - Chile - Análisis, Escherichia coli, Coliformes fecales