Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo de medición de firmeza de cerezas basado en ultrasonido.
Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La cereza es un fruto de gran poder alimenticio y comercial. La firmeza es uno de sus principales atributos de calidad, por lo que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la técnica del ultrasonido como medio de medición no destructiva de la firmeza de las cerezas dulces. Para lo cual se diseñó, construyó y probó una configuración ultrasónica, que consistió en un generador, un transductor ultrasónico de 40 kHz en modo pulso-eco, un osciloscopio digital, un módulo de evaluación ultrasónica y una computadora. El ultrasonido se cuantificó como voltaje, la firmeza se determinó con un equipo de prueba de compresión, además se determinó la masa y el diámetro, las mediciones se efectuaron en frutos enteros de dos cultivares de cerezas (cvs. Bing y Regina). A partir de los resultados se propone un modelo de relación lineal múltiple en el que la combinación de voltaje, diámetro y masa puede explicar el 26,9 % de la variación de la firmeza del cv. Regina, también se propone una función cuadrática que describe la correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el diámetro y el voltaje, en ambos cultivares. Se concluye que el voltaje por sí solo, no es evidencia suficiente para predecir la firmeza, aunque es un buen índice para estimar el diámetro.
ABSTRACT The cherry is a fruit of great alimentary and commercial relevance. Firmness is one of its main quality attributes, which is why the objective of this research was to study the ultrasound technique as a means of non-destructive measurement of the firmness of sweet cherries. An ultrasonic configuration was designed, built and tested, which consisted of a generator, a 40 kHz ultrasonic transducer in pulse-echo mode, a digital oscilloscope, an ultrasonic evaluation module, and a computer. The ultrasound was quantified as voltage, the firmness was determined with a compression test equipment, in addition the mass and the diameter of the fruit were determined, the measurements were made on whole fruits of two cultivars (cvs. Bing and Regina). From the results, a multiple linear relationship model is proposed in which the combination of voltage, diameter and mass can explain 26.9% of the variation in the firmness of the cv. Regina, a quadratic function is also proposed that describes the statistically significant positive correlation between diameter and voltage, in both cultivars. It is concluded that the voltage alone is not sufficient evidence for the prediction of firmness, although it is a good index to estimate the diameter.
ABSTRACT The cherry is a fruit of great alimentary and commercial relevance. Firmness is one of its main quality attributes, which is why the objective of this research was to study the ultrasound technique as a means of non-destructive measurement of the firmness of sweet cherries. An ultrasonic configuration was designed, built and tested, which consisted of a generator, a 40 kHz ultrasonic transducer in pulse-echo mode, a digital oscilloscope, an ultrasonic evaluation module, and a computer. The ultrasound was quantified as voltage, the firmness was determined with a compression test equipment, in addition the mass and the diameter of the fruit were determined, the measurements were made on whole fruits of two cultivars (cvs. Bing and Regina). From the results, a multiple linear relationship model is proposed in which the combination of voltage, diameter and mass can explain 26.9% of the variation in the firmness of the cv. Regina, a quadratic function is also proposed that describes the statistically significant positive correlation between diameter and voltage, in both cultivars. It is concluded that the voltage alone is not sufficient evidence for the prediction of firmness, although it is a good index to estimate the diameter.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magister en Ingeniería Agrícola con mención en Agroindustrias
Keywords
Cerezas - Chile - Calidad, Prunus - Chile, Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura, Cerezas - Calidad