Normativa de microplásticos en Chile, un análisis comparativo con Canadá, Colombia y la Unión Europea
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar y comparar la normativa chilena sobre microplásticos con respecto a Canadá, Colombia y la Unión Europea, con la finalidad identificar debilidades y proponer mejoras. La metodología consistió en una revisión documental y un análisis cualitativo de los marcos regulatorios y la evidencia científica sobre su efectividad. Los resultados revelan que la regulación chilena es de carácter indirecto, a diferencia de los enfoques más directos de la Unión Europea y Canadá. Se identificaron tres brechas estructurales críticas: una falla en el alcance del sistema, una falla en los incentivos de la Ley REP y una falla en la infraestructura para la circularidad. Se concluye que es necesario transitar hacia una regulación proactiva. Se propone un portafolio de tres mejoras estratégicas basadas en las experiencias internacionales: ampliar el alcance regulatorio, optimizar los incentivos de la Ley REP mediante tarifas eco-moduladas y habilitar la circularidad a través de una norma técnica piloto.
The objective of this research was to analyze and compare Chilean microplastics regulation with that of Canada, Colombia, and the European Union, to identify weaknesses and propose improvements. The methodology consisted of a documentary review and a qualitative analysis of the regulatory frameworks and the scientific evidence regarding their effectiveness. The results reveal that the Chilean regulation is indirect in its approach, in contrast to the more direct approaches of the European Union and Canada. Three critical structural gaps were identified: a failure in the system's scope, a failure in the incentive mechanisms of the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Law, and a failure in the enabling infrastructure for circularity. It is concluded that a transition towards proactive regulation is necessary. A portfolio of three strategic improvements based on international experiences is proposed: expanding the regulatory scope, optimizing the EPR Law's incentives through eco-modulated fees, and enabling circularity through a pilot technical standard.
The objective of this research was to analyze and compare Chilean microplastics regulation with that of Canada, Colombia, and the European Union, to identify weaknesses and propose improvements. The methodology consisted of a documentary review and a qualitative analysis of the regulatory frameworks and the scientific evidence regarding their effectiveness. The results reveal that the Chilean regulation is indirect in its approach, in contrast to the more direct approaches of the European Union and Canada. Three critical structural gaps were identified: a failure in the system's scope, a failure in the incentive mechanisms of the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Law, and a failure in the enabling infrastructure for circularity. It is concluded that a transition towards proactive regulation is necessary. A portfolio of three strategic improvements based on international experiences is proposed: expanding the regulatory scope, optimizing the EPR Law's incentives through eco-modulated fees, and enabling circularity through a pilot technical standard.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Microplásticos, Normas ambientales, Contaminación -- Chile