Bioprospección de hongos endófitos asociados a especies chilenas de Nothofagus (N. alpina, N. dombeyi y N. obliqua) de la región de Ñuble para la búsqueda de productos naturales con actividad antimicrobiana
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los hongos endófitos son una fuente relevante de metabolitos secundarios con potencial antimicrobiano. En este estudio se aislaron 37 cepas a partir de N. alpina, N. dombeyi y N. obliqua, identificadas mediante análisis molecular de la región ITS. Se registró una amplia diversidad taxonómica, incluyendo géneros como Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pezicula, Fusarium y Alternaria. Los ensayos antimicrobianos frente a bacterias y hongos fitopatógenos mostraron que el 42,8 % de los extractos presentó actividad antibacteriana y el 37,1 % actividad antifúngica. Destacaron las cepas Trichoderma sp. (5), Pezicula cinnamomea (78), Fusarium lateritium (250) y Alternaria consortialis (258), seleccionadas como las más prometedoras por su amplio espectro de inhibición. La optimización de medios de cultivo y el escalamiento confirmaron que la composición nutricional influye en la producción de metabolitos bioactivos, siendo “M1” y “M5” los más efectivos para Trichoderma y Pezicula, y “M4” para Fusarium. Los perfiles cromatográficos (TLC, HPTLC y HPLC) evidenciaron metabolitos diferenciados asociados a la bioactividad observada. En particular, para P. cinnamomea (78) se identificó un metabolito específico correspondiente a un mycorrhizin (C₁₄H₁₄O₄), consolidando su potencial como fuente de nuevas moléculas con aplicaciones biotecnológicas.
Endophytic fungi represent an important source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial potential. In this study, 37 endophytic strains were isolated from Nothofagus alpina, N. dombeyi, and N. obliqua, and identified through molecular analysis of the ITS region. A broad taxonomic diversity was recorded, including genera such as Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pezicula, Fusarium, and Alternaria. Antimicrobial assays against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens showed that 42.8% of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, while 37.1% displayed antifungal activity. The strains Trichoderma sp. (5), Pezicula cinnamomea (78), Fusarium lateritium (250), and Alternaria consortialis (258) stood out as the most promising due to their broad inhibition spectrum. Culture medium optimization and scale-up experiments confirmed that nutritional composition significantly influences the production of bioactive metabolites, with media “M1” and “M5” being the most effective for Trichoderma and Pezicula, respectively, and “M4” for Fusarium. Chromatographic profiles obtained by TLC, HPTLC, and HPLC revealed distinct metabolites associated with the observed bioactivity. Specifically, in P. cinnamomea (78), a characteristic compound corresponding to a mycorrhizin (C₁₄H₁₄O₄) was identified, reinforcing its potential as a source of novel molecules with biotechnological application.
Endophytic fungi represent an important source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial potential. In this study, 37 endophytic strains were isolated from Nothofagus alpina, N. dombeyi, and N. obliqua, and identified through molecular analysis of the ITS region. A broad taxonomic diversity was recorded, including genera such as Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pezicula, Fusarium, and Alternaria. Antimicrobial assays against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens showed that 42.8% of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, while 37.1% displayed antifungal activity. The strains Trichoderma sp. (5), Pezicula cinnamomea (78), Fusarium lateritium (250), and Alternaria consortialis (258) stood out as the most promising due to their broad inhibition spectrum. Culture medium optimization and scale-up experiments confirmed that nutritional composition significantly influences the production of bioactive metabolites, with media “M1” and “M5” being the most effective for Trichoderma and Pezicula, respectively, and “M4” for Fusarium. Chromatographic profiles obtained by TLC, HPTLC, and HPLC revealed distinct metabolites associated with the observed bioactivity. Specifically, in P. cinnamomea (78), a characteristic compound corresponding to a mycorrhizin (C₁₄H₁₄O₄) was identified, reinforcing its potential as a source of novel molecules with biotechnological application.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ingeniería Agrícola
Keywords
Hongos Endófitos, Nothofagus, Actividad antimicrobiana